Multiple parameters affecting the transmembrane current in resistive pulse sensing were investigated, including the size, shape, tilt angle, path and relative position of the translocating sample, as well as the diameter of the conical-shaped nanopore and the voltage applied. M13 bacteriophages and monodisperse carboxylated polystyrene beads of 212 nm in diameter were used in this study. The finite-element simulation and experimental results showed the tilt angle, path and shape of the sample indeed affect the magnitude of the blockade current. Interestingly, current peaks of the opposite polarity to the blockade current were observed under certain conditions.
