| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: The association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and nontyphoid salmonellosis (NTS) continues to be debated. The current study was designed to determine the association between use of oral PPIs and the diagnosis of NTS. METHODS: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010 was searched for cases of NTS, defined by the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, Clinical Modification. A nested case-control study in hospitalized population was conducted using four controls for each case (14 736 cases and 58 944 controls), matched on age, month and year of entry, Charlson comorbidity index score, and well-known predisposing factors for NTS, including autoimmune diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes, cirrhosis, transplantation, gastrointestinal surgeries or diseases, and malignancies. RESULTS: People with NTS had a higher rate of using oral PPIs within the prior year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-2.24; P<.001). The association was greatest for current PPI use (aOR, 5.39; 95% CI, 4.79-6.06; P<.001). Although use of H2-receptor antagonists (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.71-1.98), antibiotics (5.21; 4.81-5.64), steroids (3.18; 2.99-3.39), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (2.37; 2.26-2.48) within the 30 days were also associated with NTS, the linkage between PPI use and NTS remained significant in the subgroup without these medications. CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral PPIs was associated with the occurrence of NTS. The risk waned with time after discontinuation. |
