| Abstract: | Background and Aims: Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, like proximal tubular cell injury. Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor, or its substitute has been reported as a risk factor that caused kidney damage in experimental studies. We aimed to investigate the correlation between urinary NAG and Bisphenol and its Substitute Exposure in Taiwanese Adults. Method: We collected urine samples including 271 adults (145 female and 126 men) from Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013, and analyzed for three urinary BPA, BPS and BPF by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The bisphenol and their substitutes in the human urine samples were converted into daily intake (DI) values. We measured by the indicators of renal function, included urine creatinine (crea, mg/dL), microalbumin (mg/dL), NAG (IU/L), etc. We used logistic regression analysis to elucidate their correlations and adjustment for significant covariate. Results: We found the median levels were 7.96 for BPA, 7.89 for BPF, and 1.96 (μg/L) for BPS, respectively, and yielded a median estimate daily intakes were 3.01 (BPA), 2.99 (BPF), and 0.76 (BPS) (ng/kg/day) in the Taiwanese adults. We found that the ratio of urinary NAG and creatinine (NAG/crea) was a significantly increased trend with exposure doses of BPA, BPF and BPS whereas no similar trend for ACR. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI and other covariate, we found that DI of BPA increased the risk of NAG/crea by 5.8 times (ORAdj: 5.8, p<0.01, 2nd tertile) and 9.6 times (ORAdj: 9.6, p<0.01, 3rd tertile). Conclusion: Our findings supported that the exposure of bisphenol and its substitute may increase the risk of renal tubular injury. Further large and longitudinal studies are warrant. |
