Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is an emerging treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study successfully developed radiometal-labeled chitosan microspheres ((111)In/(177)Lu-DTPA-CMS) with a diameter of 36.5 ± 5.3 μm for TARE. The radiochemical yields of (111)In/(177)Lu-DTPA-CMS were greater than 90% with high radiochemical purities (>98%). Most of the (111)In/(177)Lu-DTPA-CMS were retained in the hepatoma and liver at 1 h after intraarterial (i.a.) administration. Except for liver accumulation, radioactivity in each normal organ was less than 1% of the injected radioactivity (%IA) at 72 h after injection. At 10 days after injection of (177)Lu-DTPA-CMS (18.6 ± 1.3 MBq), the size of the hepatoma was significantly reduced by around 81%, while that of the rats in the control group continued to grow. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of (177)Lu-DTPA-CMS in the treatment of N1-S1 hepatoma. (111)In/(177)Lu-DTPA-CMS have the potential to be a superior theranostic pair for the treatment of clinical hepatoma.
