In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg(1), a natural compound isolated from Panax ginseng, on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior in vitro, and on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in genipin-fixed acellular tissue (extracellular matrix, ECM) in vivo, were investigated. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was used as a control. The in vitro results indicated that in the presence of bFGF or Rg1, HUVEC proliferation was significantly increased. Both bFGF and Rg1 promoted HUVEC migration in a Transwell plate assay. In addition, bFGF or Rg1 significantly increased the formation of capillary-like network by HUVECs on Matrigel. Thus, both bFGF and Rg1 enhanced multiple components of angiogenic activity in vitro. The in vivo results obtained 1 week postoperatively showed that the extent of angiogenesis in ECMs was significantly enhanced by bFGF or Rg1. At 1 month postoperatively, vascularized neoconnective tissues were found to fill the pores within ECMs loaded with bFGF or Rg1. There was a significant increase in neocapillary density from 1 week to 1 month for ECMs loaded with Rg1, whereas that observed in ECMs loaded with bFGF stayed approximately the same because of the limitations of protein stability. These results suggested that Rg1 may be a new class of angiogenic agent and may be loaded in ECMs to accelerate tissue regeneration.
